History of Nepal

Published on December 27, 2022

“Everest Base Camp Trek, Nepal” in 4K (Everest Trekking/Nepal) Round the World 32nd Country

History of Nepal

Before the Licchavian Dynasty

• The Kathmandu Basin, in the heart of Nepal, has been inhabited since the Paleolithic period. Radioisotope measurements of wood tools found at the Dhumakar site suggest that they date to around 27,400 BC. Paleolithic artifacts have also been found at Tarai and other locations in the Old Indian culture area。
• According to legend, the Kathmandu Basin was a lake in ancient times. Manjushri (Manjushri Bodhisattva), who came to pay homage to the Swayambhu Temple, cut open the mountains surrounding the lake with a sword and poured out the lake water so that people could live in it.。
• There is also a legend that a muni (saint) named "ne" was the first to "rule (pal)" this land, hence the name "Nepal.There are many other legends about Nepal's origins. There are many other legends about Nepal's origins.
• Five different royal dynasties, known as the "Banshabari," have been handed down about Nepal's ancient history: the Gopala dynasty, the Mahishaparlar dynasty, theQirata dynasty (of India, approx. 60-375 CE)It is said that there was a "I'm sorry, but it's not credible.。
• 6th century B.C. - As the son of the ruler of the Republic of Kapilavastu, now a territory of Nepal, Sakyamuni (Buddha) was born in Lumbini and spread his teachings in northern India. These areas were then included in the Indian cultural sphere.
• 3rd century B.C. - King Asoka of India made a pilgrimage to southern Nepal, the birthplace of the Buddha, and built a stupa.

Licchian period (i.e. the Litchiavian period, esp. the Litchiavian period)

The Licchavi dynasty of the Nepala kingdom was established in the 4th century by the Indo-Aryan royalty.。

The Licchavi Dynasty built the Maana Palace in Kathmandu in the late 5th and 6th centuries, establishing political and administrative functions.。

The palace of Kailasa Qura was built in the early 7th century, and the royal palace of Bhadra Adivasa was built in the middle of the 7th century.。

He also protected and fostered the panchayat system, the prototype of the guti, and encouraged commerce to solidify the foundation of urban management.。

It had close cultural, economic, and political exchanges with Tibet and prospered as a religious and commercial center.

Middle Ages

Taking advantage of the decline of the Licchavi dynasty, the Devas rose in the 9th century and established a royal capital in Bhaktabur.。

The Newari culture flourished. The Malla dynasty was subsequently established at the end of the 14th century, but around 1450, the Kingdom of Kathmandu (Kathmandu Malla dynasty) became independent from the Kingdom of Bhaktapur (Bhaktapur Malla dynasty)。

By 1619, the Malla Dynasty and the Patan Kingdom (Patan Malla Dynasty) also became independent from the Kingdom of Kathmandu, and the three kingdoms were established side by side.。

Gorkha period (i.e. the Holocene epoch)

The Malla dynasty lost power due to civil strife and infighting, and in the first half of the 18th century, in the mountains west of KathmanduThe Gorkha Kingdom (Gorkha Dynasty) expands its power.

Then, in 1768-1769, the Malla dynasty was destroyed by the 10th Gorkha king, Prithvi Narayan Shah.

Nepal, which had been divided into 350 small kingdoms, was then unified, and the Gorkha dynasty created the Kingdom of Nepal with Kathmandu as its capital.。

• 1790 - 1791 - Qing-Nepal War
• 1814 - 1816 - Nepal-British War (Gurkha War)

As a result of the war with the British East India Company, he fought well but was defeated.

Under the Sugauli Peace Treaty, Nepal was to receive annual payments of 200,000 rupees from the British in exchange for abandoning the area west of the Mahakali River in the west, east of the Methi River in the east, and the entire Tarai region. (However, nine months after the treaty was signed, the British stopped paying the 200,000 rupees and returned most of the Tarai to Nepal, settling on the present border line.) The treaty also included a clause allowing Nepalese soldiers to volunteer to become British mercenaries.

The British called Nepal Gurkha (Gurkha = Gorkha), so Nepalese mercenaries came to be called Gurkha soldiers (Gorkha soldiers).

This has continued to the present day, with Nepal providing Gurkha soldiers to both Britain and India every year.

Rana family rule period

• 1846 - Janga Bahadur Rana becomes Vizier after a massacre in the court. From then on, the vizier was hereditary in the Rana family, and the Shah's family was a puppet until 1951.

• 1854 - Janga Bahadur, modern encyclopediaMurky Ain.promulgated.
• 1857 - 1859 Aided British forces in the Great Indian Mutiny (Sepoy Rebellion).
• 1914 - 1918 The country enters World War I as an Allied power.
• 1910s - Waziristan War (British India) Aids British forces.
• 1919 - Assisted British forces in the Anglo-Afghan War.
• 1934 - On January 15, the Bihar-Nepal earthquake occurred.
• 1939 - On September 4, the country entered World War II as an Allied power.
• 1947 - Formation of the Nepali National Congress Party (predecessor of the current Nepali Congress Party).
• 1949 - Formation of the Communist Party of Nepal.

restoration of imperial rule

• 1951 - The King Tribhuvan,He returns from exile in India and assumes the throne (restoration of the monarchy). The reign of the Rana family ends. Constitutional monarchy is proclaimed.
• 1953 - Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay make first ascent of Everest.
• 1955 - The King MahendraAccession.
• 1956 - Diplomatic relations with Japan are established.
• 1959 - First general elections. Nepali Congress Party B.P. Koirala comes to power. He rapidly reforms the feudal system, creating a rift with the king.
• 1960 - King Mahendra dissolved Parliament in a coup d'etat. Political activity is banned. All cabinet ministers are arrested.
• 1962 - A new constitution is enacted. Prohibition of political parties, a complex indirect democracy "panchayat system" in favor of the king, and the de facto statehood of Hinduism.
• 1972 - The King BirendraAccession.
• 1980 - Referendum on the Panchayat system. The vote is narrowly decided to keep the system in place.

democratic era

• 1990
  • On February 18, the Movement for Democracy (Jana Andolan) took place, calling for the abolition of the panchayat system and the restoration of a multi-party system. The Nepali Congress Party and seven communist parties joined forces.
  • On April 8, King Birendra appeared on TV with political party leaders. Promised to introduce a multi-party system.
  • On April 16, the King proclaims the abolition of the panchayat system.
  • On April 19, the King nominates Krishna Prasad Bhattarai of the Nepali Congress Party as Prime Minister.
  • On November 9, a new constitution was enacted (1990 Constitution), which proclaimed the sovereignty of the people.
• 1991
  • May 12: First general election in 30 years under multi-party system. The Nepali Congress Party wins and Girija Prasad Koirala becomes prime minister.
• 1996 - The Maoist faction of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoists) launches the "People's War" to overthrow the monarchy. (Nepal Civil War)
• January 2001 - Maoists officially create the People's Liberation Army.

• June 1, 2001 - King Birendra and others killed in Nepal royal killings,King Gyanendraascends the throne.

  • King Gyanendra suspends Parliament. Since then, a state of confusion by King, Congress, and Maoists.

    The civil war between the Maoists and the royalists, who control the national army, continues, and the country is divided into government-controlled areas and Maoist-controlled areas.

    The United States supported the king. The U.S. provided arms and other support, but the armed peasants joined the Maoists, adding to the chaos.

• On October 4, 2002, King Gyanendra suspends the Nepali Congress Party's Deuba cabinet in a coup d'état and pro-King's rule; on October 11, he appoints Chanda, a royalist, as prime minister.
• June 2004 - Pressured by public outcry, the king again appoints Deuba as prime minister.
• 2005
  • February 1 - King Gyanendra again suspends parliament and cabinet. He introduced absolute monarchy and declared a state of emergency (effectively martial law), which was lifted at the end of April.
  • December - The seven-party coalition in Congress and the Maoists outside Congress reconcile and agree to fight King Gyanendra's dictatorship together.
• 2006
  • April - Seven-party coalition calls for a general strike. The Movement for Democracy (Loktantra Andolan) grows. Maoists also join the protests.
  • April 24 - The king announces the renunciation of direct rule, the transfer of power to the people, and the restoration of parliament, and asks political parties to nominate a prime minister; the Koirala government is formed on April 27.
  • May - Nepalese government lifts Maoists' terrorism designation.
  • May 18 - Congress unanimously decides to change the national anthem and the separation of church and state (abolition of Hinduism as the state religion).
  • November 21 - The government and Maoists sign a "comprehensive peace agreement" pledging an indefinite cease-fire and agreeing to hold constitutional assembly elections by June 2007.
• 2007
  • January 15 - The House of Representatives issues a provisional constitution. The Chamber of Deputies is then dissolved.
  • January 23 - UNSC unanimously adopts Security Council Resolution 1740 establishing the United Nations Assistance Mission in Nepal (UNMIN). It monitors a ceasefire between the National Army and the People's Liberation Army.
  • February - At least 21 people are killed in clashes with local police in southeastern Nepal as Madhesi (an ethnic Indian minority) protests against the interim constitution and calling for status quo continue.
  • December 27 - The interim parliament approves an amendment to the interim constitution stating that Nepal's form of government will be a federal democratic republic.
• 2008
  • April 10 - Voting is held for the Constituent Assembly elections, and the Maoists are the first party to win, but not a majority.
  • May 28 - Nepal's Constituent Assembly convenes to create a new form of government.federal democratic republicand the monarchy was officially abolished.The Gorkha dynasty was established in 1879. King Gyanendra abdicated, and here the Kingdom of Nepal (Gorkha dynasty) came to an end.

To learn more, please refer to the following

authorityNepalWikipedia," "Wikipedia.NepalHistory of(English version)"